The main causes of dandruff in hair

Scalp imbalance leads to dandruff in the hair

The scalp is a delicate microcosm where microorganisms, dead skin cells, and sebum are constantly interacting. When this balance is disrupted, it can lead to an overgrowth of yeasts such as Malassezia , which feed on the sebum present on the skin's surface.

By breaking down this sebum, they produce irritating fatty acids that can accelerate skin cell turnover . This process leads to a buildup of scales, visible as dandruff. This imbalance can worsen when the scalp is exposed to irritants or an unfavorable environment.

Excess or insufficient sebum

Sebum production, while essential for maintaining scalp moisture and protection, must remain balanced. When it becomes excessive, the scalp becomes oily, creating an environment conducive to yeast proliferation.

On the other hand, insufficient sebum results in a dry scalp, unable to effectively protect hair fibers and roots. This lack of protection promotes increased flaking, thus aggravating the appearance of dandruff . In both cases, an imbalance in sebum directly affects hair health and the aesthetic perception of hair.

External and environmental factors

Environmental influences also play a significant role in the onset of dandruff. Temperature fluctuations, such as moving from a cold, dry climate to a heated, confined environment, dry out the scalp and disrupt its natural balance . Additionally, repeated exposure to pollution can clog pores and worsen irritation.

Using unsuitable or harsh hair products, such as shampoos with excessive detergents or styling products containing heavy residue, amplifies these imbalances. These factors combine to weaken the scalp, making it more vulnerable to the appearance of dandruff.

Stress and lifestyle habits are responsible for dandruff in the hair

Stress acts as a catalyst, amplifying existing imbalances in the scalp. By altering the activity of the sebaceous glands and weakening the body's natural defenses, it creates a fertile ground for flakes to appear. Furthermore, an unbalanced lifestyle can exacerbate the problem.

For example, a lack of nutrients such as zinc or certain essential vitamins weakens the skin barrier, making the scalp more prone to irritation and excessive flaking. Chronic stress or poor lifestyle choices can also exacerbate the appearance of dandruff.

Dermatological diseases

Finally, dandruff can be linked to underlying dermatological conditions. Psoriasis , characterized by thick patches of dry skin, or seborrheic dermatitis , marked by oily scaling associated with redness, are common examples.

These conditions require appropriate medical care , as they cannot be treated with conventional hair care alone. In these cases, a professional diagnosis can distinguish common dandruff from the symptoms of more complex diseases and provide a targeted response.

Dandruff is often the result of a combination of factors, both internal and external. Understanding its origins allows for better targeting of solutions. By taking care of your scalp and adopting simple daily habits, you can regain a healthy and comfortable scalp.